NeurophenolTM research project included numerous scientific studies to assess MemophenolTM preclinical and clinical effectiveness, as well as its mechanism of action. The following studies are now published :
NeurophenolTM research project included numerous scientific studies to assess MemophenolTM preclinical and clinical effectiveness, as well as its mechanism of action. The following studies are now published :
Preclinical effectiveness
MemophenolTM preclinical effectiveness was assessed during the second phase of the research project. 2 types of cognitive tests were carefully selected: the Morris water maze test and the Novel Object Recognition task. Correlated to the hippocampal function, these behavioral tests assessed learning and episodic long-term memory.
PRINCIPLE :
PROTOCOL :
2 groups of aged and adult mice were supplemented during 14 weeks either with control or MemophenolTM. enriched diet.
Episodic memory was tested during the last day of supplementation.
RESULTS :
After 14 weeks of supplementation, MemophenolTM significantly improved episodic memory on aged models.
PRINCIPLE :
PROTOCOL :
2 groups of aged and adult mice were supplemented during 14 weeks either with control or MemophenolTM enriched diet.
Episodic memory was tested during the last day of supplementation.
RESULTS :
After 14 weeks of supplementation, MemophenolTM significantly improved episodic memory on aged models.
Seniors: restoring memory capacities
After confirming MemophenolTM’s safety and effectiveness on preclinical models, the clinical effectiveness has thus been assessed on both short-term and long-term memories.
MemophenolTM has been clinically tested through a bi-centric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled on both short-term and episodic long-term memories. These memories are the most affected with ageing, we included 215 seniors aged from 60 to 70 years old, orally supplemented with 600mg/day of MemophenolTM during 6 months.
The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used as the main inclusion criteria to guarantee the enrollment of only healthy subjects with no pathological cognitive impairment. The 215 subjects that have participated in the clinical study had an MMSE score ranged between 26 and 29.
Two tests assessing respectively short-term and long-term episodic memories were performed by the subjects before and after 6 months of supplementation :
MemophenolTM efficacy on VRM-FR test. N.S : No Significant.
After 6 months of supplementation, MemophenolTM significantly improves short-term memory compared to
Number of words recalled by the VRM-FR test, for the MemophenolTM group and the placebo (evolution between T=0 and T=6 months).
Between T0 and T6 months, the number of words recalled at the VRM-FR test is 60% higher in the MemophenolTM group compared to the placebo group.
After 6 months of supplementation, MemophenolTM significantly improved long-term memory on the “decliners” subjects.
Between T0 and T6 months, the number of errors decreased by 2.5 times more than the MemophenolTM group compared to placebo group.
This cognitive improvement is even more pronounced according to level of difficulty :
The more the level of difficulty is important, the more MemophenolTM clinical effectiveness is confirmed.
According to the theoretical cognitive ages calculated with the CANTAB normative cross-sectional data before and after supplementation, MemophenolTM restores long-term memory equivalent back to 10 years younger.
Seniors: restoring memory capacities
After confirming MemophenolTM’s safety and effectiveness on preclinical models, the clinical effectiveness has thus been assessed on both short-term and long-term memories.
MemophenolTM has been clinically tested through a bi-centric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled on both short-term and episodic long-term memories. These memories are the most affected with ageing, we included 215 seniors aged from 60 to 70 years old, orally supplemented with 600mg/day of MemophenolTM during 6 months.
The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used as the main inclusion criteria to guarantee the enrollment of only healthy subjects with no pathological cognitive impairment. The 215 subjects that have participated in the clinical study had an MMSE score ranged between 26 and 29.
Two tests assessing respectively short-term and long-term episodic memories were performed by the subjects before and after 6 months of supplementation :
MemophenolTM efficacy on VRM-FR test. N.S : No Significant.
After 6 months of supplementation, MemophenolTM significantly improves short-term memory compared to placebo group.
Number of words recalled by the VRM-FR test, for the MemophenolTM group and the placebo (evolution between T=0 and T=6 months).
Between T0 and T6 months, the number of words recalled at the VRM-FR test is 60% higher in the MemophenolTM group compared to the placebo group.
After 6 months of supplementation, MemophenolTM significantly improved long-term memory on the “decliners” subjects.
Between T0 and T6 months, the number of errors decreased by 2.5 times more than the MemophenolTM group compared to placebo group.
This cognitive improvement is even more pronounced according to level of difficulty :
The more the level of difficulty is important, the more MemophenolTM clinical effectiveness is confirmed.
According to the theoretical cognitive ages calculated with the CANTAB normative cross-sectional data before and after supplementation, MemophenolTM restores long-term memory equivalent back to 10 years younger.
Students : enhancing cognitive performance
MemophenolTMwas tested under a crossover, randomized, double-blind placebo controlled on cognitive performance.
Les tests cognitifs utilisés sont validés et font partie de la batterie COMPASS. L’endurance cognitive a été évaluée par la comparaison des scores à la batterie de référence avec ceux des 5 répétitions.
Serial Three Subtraction (STS)
- Calcul mental en -3 pendant 2 minutes
- Score: nombre de réponses correctes – erreurs
Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP)
- Détection de séquences de 3 chiffres pairs ou impairs consécutives pendant 5 minutes
- Fréquence de la liste défilante : 100 chiffres / minute
- Score : Nombre de réponses correctes / nombre de réponses totales
A la fin des tests cognitifs : Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
- 4 paramètres d’auto-évaluation: anxiété, fatigue mentale, vigilance, performance cognitive
- Le participant est invité à noter sur une échelle graduée allant de « Pas du tout » à « Tout à fait » chacun des 4 paramètres
- Durée : 2 minutes
After 90 minutes of supplementation, MemophenolTMsignificantly enhances cognitive performance including accuracy, working memory & attention.
Bien que la totalité des étudiants se sentent plus fatigués au cours de l’effort cognitif, MemophenolTMaméliore significativement la perception des performances cognitives de 39% comparé au placebo.
Students : enhancing cognitive performance
MemophenolTMwas tested under a crossover, randomized, double-blind placebo controlled on cognitive performance.
Les tests cognitifs utilisés sont validés et font partie de la batterie COMPASS. L’endurance cognitive a été évaluée par la comparaison des scores à la batterie de référence avec ceux des 5 répétitions.
Serial Three Subtraction (STS)
- Calcul mental en -3 pendant 2 minutes
- Score: nombre de réponses correctes – erreurs
Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP)
- Détection de séquences de 3 chiffres pairs ou impairs consécutives pendant 5 minutes
- Fréquence de la liste défilante : 100 chiffres / minute
- Score : Nombre de réponses correctes / nombre de réponses totales
A la fin des tests cognitifs : Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
- 4 paramètres d’auto-évaluation: anxiété, fatigue mentale, vigilance, performance cognitive
- Le participant est invité à noter sur une échelle graduée allant de « Pas du tout » à « Tout à fait » chacun des 4 paramètres
- Durée : 2 minutes
After 90 minutes of supplementation, MemophenolTMsignificantly enhances cognitive performance including accuracy, working memory & attention.
Bien que la totalité des étudiants se sentent plus fatigués au cours de l’effort cognitif, MemophenolTMaméliore significativement la perception des performances cognitives de 39% comparé au placebo.
Open study on students
Less concerned by memory loss but having increasing needs to stay alert and mentally sharp during exam periods, students also need cognitive enhancers to quickly boost their cognitive performances.
MemophenolTM has thus been tested during a short period on students to assess whether MemophenolTM could act on cognitive parameters such as concentration and intellectual performances.
Students perception of the MemophenolTM efficacy on intellectual performances, after 15 days and 30 days of MemophenolTM supplementation, at 600 mg/day.
Students perception of the MemophenolTM efficacy on learning and memory capacities, after 15 days and 30 days of MemophenolTM supplementation, at 600 mg/day.
After 30 days of MemophenolTM supplementation :
– 65% of the students feel better concentration capacities.
– 59% of the students perceived an improvement in their intellectual performances.
– 59% of the students perceived an improvement on learning and memory capacities.
A progressive improvement was perceived between 15 and 30 days of MemophenolTM supplementation, highlighting an increasing effectiveness. These lasting effects are in accordance with the MemophenolTM mechanism of action on plasticity and neurogenesis, both visible on the long term.
Open study on students
Less concerned by memory loss but having increasing needs to stay alert and mentally sharp during exam periods, students also need cognitive enhancers to quickly boost their cognitive performances.
MemophenolTM has thus been tested during a short period on students to assess whether MemophenolTM could act on cognitive parameters such as concentration and intellectual performances.
Students perception of the MemophenolTM efficacy on intellectual performances, after 15 days and 30 days of MemophenolTM supplementation, at 600 mg/day.
Students perception of the MemophenolTM efficacy on learning and memory capacities, after 15 days and 30 days of MemophenolTM supplementation, at 600 mg/day.
After 30 days of MemophenolTM supplementation :
– 65% of the students feel better concentration capacities.
– 59% of the students perceived an improvement in their intellectual performances.
– 59% of the students perceived an improvement on learning and memory capacities.
A progressive improvement was perceived between 15 and 30 days of MemophenolTM supplementation, highlighting an increasing effectiveness. These lasting effects are in accordance with the MemophenolTM mechanism of action on plasticity and neurogenesis, both visible on the long term.
Published mechanism of action
Research proprietary works aimed to test how MemophenolTM could act on brain and the mechanisms of action involved in cognitive function: the neurogenesis and the synaptic plasticity. MemophenolTM bioavailability was also assessed on both preclinical and clinical models.
Through its high brain bioavailability MemophenolTM has a specific mechanism of action thus allowing a central action at the neurons and synapses levels.
It is well-established that the low bioavailability of dietary phenolic compounds, resulting from poor absorption and high rates of metabolism and excretion, is a concern as it can limit their health benefits.
Proprietary results (see figure 27) highlight that MemophenolTM metabolites, especially grape flavanol monomers (epicatechins, catechin) are :
– Well-absorbed in blood circulation to be then distributed (Dudonné S, Dal-Pan A, et al., 2016).
– Able to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), allowing a central action on brain (Bensalem et al., 2018).
– Found in human urine, confirming clinical MemophenolTM bioavailability, and significantly associated with both short-term working and long-term episodic memories improvements (Bensalem et al. 2018).
Neurogenesis is the production, proliferation, and maturation of new neurons that participate in improving memory acquisition. Neurogenesis diminishes up by 10% in old adults, until 20-30% by age 80, especially in the hippocampus.
MemophenolTM mechanism of action on neurogenesis has been tested on adults and aged models, orally supplemented with MemophenolTM (500mg/kg/b.w) or with a control diet during 14 weeks.
MemophenolTM increases the proportion of new premature neurons with connections by 19% compared to the control group through an increase of DCX protein expression only present on neurons in the maturation process.
Synaptic plasticity is the ability of the brain to reactivate a specific combination of neurons by strengthening or weakening synaptic connections.
MemophenolTM mechanism of action on synaptic plasticity has been tested on adults and aged models, orally supplemented with MemophenolTM (500mg/kg/b.w) or with a control diet during 14 weeks.
MemophenolTM has been shown to improve the communication between neurons and the quality and amount of neuronal connections, through its positive action Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). CaMKII expression increased by 11% on mice supplemented with MemophenolTM compared to the control group.
Published mechanism of action
Research proprietary works aimed to test how MemophenolTM could act on brain and the mechanisms of action involved in cognitive function: the neurogenesis and the synaptic plasticity. MemophenolTM bioavailability was also assessed on both preclinical and clinical models.
Through its high brain bioavailability MemophenolTM has a specific mechanism of action thus allowing a central action at the neurons and synapses levels.
Proprietary results (see figure 27) highlight that MemophenolTM metabolites, especially grape flavanol monomers (epicatechins, catechin) are :
– Well-absorbed in blood circulation to be then distributed (Dudonné S, Dal-Pan A, et al., 2016).
– Able to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), allowing a central action on brain (Bensalem et al., 2018).
– Found in human urine, confirming clinical MemophenolTM bioavailability, and significantly associated with both short-term working and long-term episodic memories improvements (Bensalem et al. 2018).
MemophenolTM mechanism of action on neurogenesis has been tested on adults and aged models, orally supplemented with MemophenolTM (500mg/kg/b.w) or with a control diet during 14 weeks.
MemophenolTM increases the proportion of new premature neurons with connections by 19% compared to the control group through an increase of DCX protein expression only present on neurons in the maturation process.
MemophenolTM mechanism of action on synaptic plasticity has been tested on adults and aged models, orally supplemented with MemophenolTM (500mg/kg/b.w) or with a control diet during 14 weeks.
MemophenolTM has been shown to improve the communication between neurons and the quality and amount of neuronal connections, through its positive action Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). CaMKII expression increased by 11% on mice supplemented with MemophenolTM compared to the control group.